Knitting-machine.



E. J. FRANCK.

KNITTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 16, 1912 1,216,302; Y I Patented Feb. 20,1917.

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E. J. FRANCK.

KNITTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB- I6, 1912. 7 1,216,302 Patented Feb. 20, 1917.

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' KNITTING MAGHINE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. I6. I9I2-,

Patented Feb. 20, I917.

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KNITTiNG MACHINE.

APPLICATION mp0 FEB. 16. 1912.

Patented Feb. 20,1917.

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E. JVFRANCK.

KNITTING MACHINE,

APPLlCATlON man FEB. I6, 1912.

Patented Feb. 20, 1917.

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KNITTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION msn FEB. 16, 1912.

Patented Feb. 20, 1917. 7SPEETSSHET r Mrs/W0)? 4511/7 7. Ear/c} WITNESSES:

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EMIL FRANCK, 01E PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

"KNiTTING-MAGHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Fe l), 20, 1917.

Application filed February 16,1912. Serial No. 678,038.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMIL JFRANgK, a citizen of theUnited "States, residing at Philadelphimin the count hf Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Knitting-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

Objects ofthe invention are to provide an automatic circular knitting machine for making full fashioned stockings, including the shaping of the calf and leg portions; to finish the portion which is shaped for the calf in an attractive way; to provide for space for the services which are required for operating or 'inanipulatingsucli a large vnumber of needles, as is required for doing I fine work or making fine stockings; to pro- ."vide for the easvremoval and insertion of '2o fineedles, and to provide a durable construction and combination of parts.

An embodiment of the invention chosen from other embodiments for the sake of explanation is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which 1 Figure '1, is a front view of the machine with certain of the parts omitted in order to avoid confusion.

Fig. 2, is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 and showing some of the parts omitted from Fig. Land omitting some of the parts shown in F 1.

Fig. 3, is'a sectional plan view taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2, with parts omitted.

Fig. 4, is an. enlarged View showing in perspective a cam illustrated in Figs. 1 and2.

Figs 5, is a-top or plan view with parts broken away and parts omitted in order to illustrate the invention. I

Fig. 6, generally speaking, is a sectional view taken through the-center of Fig. 5.

Fig". 7. is a top or plan view of the part shown at the right hand side of Fig. 6. Fig. 8, is a top or plan t'iew taken through the upper portion of the machine.

- Fig. 9, is a side "view otthepartshown in- Fig. 8.

Fig. 0, is a section on the line 1010 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11, is a development of one part or half of the top needles cam.

Fig 12, is a development of the 1 other pagitlof the top neediecam shown in his. 11.

the needles Figs; 13 and 1 1-, are sectional views on the lines 13 -13 and 14 l4 of Figs. 11 and 12.

Fig. 15,, is a top or'pla'n view of a part of the other cam ring which is near the base of the machine. I

Fig. 16, is an elevational view'ofthe same.

Fig. 17, is a top or plan View diagrammatically illustrating the arrangement of the needles and web holders.

Fig. 18, is a View of one of the needles of.

one group.

Figxll), 1s a view oi one of the needles of another group, with certain of itsaccessories detached from the machine.

20 and 21, are ,views of the web holders, and

F151. 22 is an enlar ed view of the fabric e. a z-: produced by the machine showing the loop structure at the point of introduction of the additional needles.

Referring to the drawings there are two groups of needles, of which one group is circular and acting asa whole forms the ankle and foot, and acting in: part forms or fashions the heel and toe of a stocking.- The other group is arranged in a sector of the circle and operates along with the first mentioned group to shape the calf portion and make the leg); or knee portion of the stocking. The needles 1, of one group and of the other group are in-. clined in respect to the axis of the needle head 3 and in respect to 'each other. -As;

shown the inclination of the needles 2 is greater than the inclination of the needles 1.

The result of this is that the needles 1 and 2 knit in substantially the same circle at the top of the head, but at their lower ends are' at different distances from the axis ofthe lower part of the head. Among. the advantages of inclining the, needles of each group, mention may be'niade of the fact that ample room is provided 'at the base of the head for the accommodation of approprints devices for working orjmanipulating holder between every pair of needles when the needles 2 are brought into action.

5, is the cam ring which acts by way of the jacks 6 upon the needles 1. '7, is the ram ring that acts by way of the jacks 8 upon the needles 2. 9, a cam ring that acts on the web holders 11, is the thread carrier. In a general way these parts perform their ordinary functions which are well understood.

12 and 13, Fig. 8, are needlestrippers which throw certain of the needles 1, out of and into action in fashioning, for example, the heel and toe. 1-lis a stripper ring which throws the requisite needles 1, out of action during the fashioning of the heel and toe.

in making a stocking it may be said that a few courses are knitted by all the needles of the group 1 by the rotation of the can 'lhercat'tcr a part of these needles 1 are thrown out of action by the halt ring stripper ilau'd the fashioning for the too is done by successively throwing other needles of the group of needles 1 into and out of action by the strippers 12 and 13. Meanwhile the cam ring 5 is rcciprocated. or turned first in one direction and then the other for a part of the revolution. The foot is then made in the same way that the few courses were made and the heel is then made in much the same way as the toe was made. The ankle portion is then knitted like the foot port-ion and the calf portion is made by widening the tube by the introduction of the needles 2. through the instrumentality of the drum TO and its accessories, and thereafter the leg and knee portions are made by all the needles 1 and 2, whereupon the needles are, thrown out of action, and the described operations are repeated.

15, is the main shaft and it is geared to the upright shaft 16 by bevel gearing 17. The shaft 16 drives the cam ring 7 by the pinion 1S. and the cam ring 7 drives the web holder cam 9 by means of the post 15), which carries the thread guide 1, Fig. 6. There are adjustable stops Fig. 5, one on each side of the post 19, so that there is some lost motion between the post and the cam ring 5), which is useful in making heels and toes. The shaft 16, also drives the cam ring 5 of the needles 1 bv way of gears 21. y

[he shaft 1.), is rotated 11} one dlrection and at relatively high speed by the pulley .22, Fig. i). (connccied by a sleeve to the gear wheel 22}, which is also a part of a clutch), when the clutch member 24. splined tothe shal'tis in engagement with the clutch membc 2?. The shaft 15 is oscillated, or turned first in one direction and then in the other direction, for heel and toe work or fashioning, and this is done at comparatively low speed; but prior to this the pulley connected by a sleeve to the gear 26, meshing with gear =27, on a counter-shaft having gear wheel 28 meshing with wheel 23, turns the shaft 15 at comparatively low speed but in one direction and this is done in order to avoid a sudden change of direction of reyolution at high speed. During this operation the gear wheel 23 drives the pulley 2'2, but the belt is not on it but is on pulley 25. 29, is a gear wheel driven from the wheel 23 and it oscillates the quadrantBO by way of 7 the link 31. The quadrant drives the gear wheel 32, loose for rotation, but not end movement, (by reason of part 302, Fig. 3) on the shaft 15, and when the clutch member 24, engages the wheel 32, the shaft 15, is turned first in one direction and then in the other, as are also the cams 9, 7, and 5, by the mechanism described.

There is a short stud at the front of the machine, Fig. 1, and on this stud is mounted a cam 34: which is provided with teeth 35 and is capable of rotation. ()n this stud there is also a sprocket wheel 36 having a ratchet wheel 37. 38, is a pivotal pawl arm mounted on the stud 33 and provided with pawls 39 and -10, and oscillated from the quadrant 30 by means of a pin-and-fork connection 30. The pawl 39 drives the. sprocket wheel 36 continuously, and the pawl 40 drives the cam 34, one revolution and then falls into a space formed by the omission of one of the teeth 35, so that the cam comes to rest. There is a pattern chain, 300, of which a part is shown in Fig. 1, that runs on the sprocket wheel 36 and is provided with lugs 301, which hit the projection 41, on the cam 34, so as to'start up the cam at predetermined intervals. The cam 3t controls the mechanism for making the heel'and toe. During one revolution of the cam'fit, the too is made and then the pattern chain determines when the cam shall make another revolution, during which the heel is made. The cam is provided with an end cam face and with a surface cam groove. The end cam face 42 operates on a roller 43 fastened to the belt shifter 44, and held up to the cam by a spring 45. The cam groove 46 operates a roller 47 on the shipper" fork 48, Fig. 2, which operates the clutch member 2% because its arms are arranged in the groove 24. of the clutch member 24. When the roller 43 'ison the low part of its cam, the roller 47 is in the offset part of its cam shown at the top of Fig. 4, so that the machine is running at high speed and the needle and web-holder, cams are going around, and when the rollers are on the other parts of their cams the machine 15 running at low speed and the cams are oscillat ing. Having regard to the operation of the Strippers 12 and 13, 49,-Fig. 2, is a rocker arm, the lower end of which is provided with a. fork 50. 51, Fig. 3, is a shaft rotated by the gear wheel '29 and provided with a misses tappet arm 52 equipped with a suitable tappet arm is endwise movable on the shaft 51 and is connected with the grooved collar 53 as by a long key rod 54:. There is a cross-shaft 55, Fig. 2, which is attached to the fork 48 and which is rocked when the fork is rocked, and this shaft 55is provided with a fork 56, Fig. 2, whichengages the collar 53 so thiit when the cam 34 brings about the proper changes for, producing oscillation of the knitting and Web-holder game, it also operates to position the arm 52, in the fork 50, and thus set the rocker arm 4.9- in motion. The rocker arm 4:9 is connected by a link 57 with a ring 58 that can turn back and forth on the needle head. The ring 58 Fig. S,-earries the pawls 59 and .lityarral'iged in pairs diametrically opposite eadh otherb The pawls 59 are always in engagement with and operate upon racks formed. on the strippers 12 and 13. The pawls 60 are not always in action. The pawls -59 drive the strippers toward the right in Fig. 8 and the strippers move in the spaces 61 and. are retarded by friction rods 62. These consist of bolts having Washers and springs strung on them. The spring pulls the bolt upward and causes the head to bear frictionally on the under side of the casting. 63, are cam plates movable in respect to the needle head and the working faces of these platesserve to operate on pins on the'pawls 60 and to keep these pawls out of action and to let them come into action. As the strippers travel toward the right. the cam plates 63 hold the p aWls 60 out of action, as shown in Fig. 8.. At or near the end of the travel of the'strippers, the parts 62 strike the cam plates :63 and shift them into such position that the p'awls 60 are free to work. "The advantage of the cam plates is that the working or non-working of the pawls 60 is positively controlled.

The pawls 59 drive one tooth at a time,

whereas the pawls 60 drive two teeth at a time. The part 58, has a stroke suilicient for causing the pawls and 60, to take two teeth but there isa stop 60*, on the casting which holds the pawl 59, in such manner that it can only get one-tooth. The result of this is that the strippers 12 and 13 are moved towardthe left in Fig. 8, one tooth at a, time in excess ofthe motion to the right given by pawl 60, so that there is a resultant motion" of one tooth to the left until their projehtions 62 shift the cam plate 63 toward the left again throwing the pawls some of action. 64, Fig. 10 are acks arranged in grooves in a 'ring 132, Fig. 6,

applied to the needle head and they are operated upon by the strippers and in turn to permit the latter to remain at rest. The

operate on the bends 65 of the needles 1 so as to release them from the jacks 6 which are operated upon by the cam 5. The jacks 64, do not interfere with the bed for they needles 2, because they do not eomeout from the center far enough to strike that bed. The half ring 14 and also the'tappet arm 66 for the cam 5 are carried by a vertically this drum'has along one element or axialline a high part 71 and along another adjacent element a groove 72, Fig. 6. Along the spiral lines and at the steps thereof are circular concave slopesw 73. This drum can be made of one piece and the circular concavities can be made by aniilliug cutter. The high parts of thedrum serve to push the jacks Heto'ward the axis of the needle head so as to disconnect the needles 2 from the jacks 8 and the low parts of the drum serve to permit the jacks 8 to engage the bits of the needles 2. The iacks 74 have long tail 76 is on a high part of the drum the hits of the needles 2 are held clear of both of the I been mentioned, but when the short tail 7 7 is on a high part of the drumthe needle bit is clear of the notch 79 but not of the notch 78 in which it may work. The object of this is to accomplish three things, first, to throw the needles out of action, second, to have the needles make full strokes. and third, to have the needles make partial strokes. When one of the needles 2 comes into action it rises and receives a thread under its hook, but in descending it makes a short stroke; it then rises again and the next time in descending it makes a full stroke. The result of this is twofold; first, such holes as are ordinarily made in the work when a needle is added are avoided, and second,.even though a needle be bent somewhat or otherwise out of line, it will get the second loop all right.

Inasmuch as the widening needle 2. when introduced, does not make a full'down stroke, it follows that 1t does not draw down a loop of thread which if drawn down would remain a loop and cause an opening in the fabric. l urthermore since this wldening needle. 2 makes a short'descent at first, the needles 1, when they make a full stroke down,

ward and to thereafter make full strokes.

The dev-ribed operation takes place all the way across the needles following the line of the spirals. The drum provided with a ratchet wheel 81 fast to it. The pawl arm 89 is rocked continuously by an eccentric rod 83 from an eccentric St on the shaft 15, Fig. 0, and left-hand side of Fig. 4. The pawl arm Siis in'ovidcd with a pawl 8:) which is made comparatively wide for a purpose to be presently described. is a ratchet wheel in range with the pawl 55 and mounted loose from the drum. It is provided with high and low teetlu \Vhcn the pawl 85 is in a low tooth it reaches the ratchet wheel 81 and drives it, but when the pawl is in a high tooth it simply drives the loose ratchet wheel until the pawl again comes into a low tooth. -T he purpose is to provide for driving the drum at a moderately slow speed in order not to introduce the needles too fast. As has been said the drum is arrested when in the position shown in Fig. 6 and in one other position which has been referred to. For this purpose it is provided with a guard 87 which serves to put the pawl S5 into and out of action, thii's starting and stopping the drum. The guard 87 consists of two teeth, higher than the teeth on either ratchetwheel. but with space between them as deep as the teeth in the ratchet wheel 81 when the. guard is in its lowest position. Theguard 87 is angularly movable in respect to'the drum, although it rotates with the drum. F or this purpose its teeth are fastened to a plate 88 movable in a slot concentric with the drum and connected with the drum by a spring 88 which, in connection with a stop, establishes the normal position of the guard. The plate 88 is also connected with a crank 89 on one end of a shaft 90 extending clear through the drum and having at its other end a crank 91 so that when the crank 91 is turned, it turns the shaft 90. the crank 89, and shifts the guard angularly in respect to the drum.

still while the pawl makes the described movements. When the left hand tooth is in the position that the right hand tooth occupies in Fig. (3, the operation is the same and the drum remains at rest. To get the.

guard 87 clear of the tooth use is made of a the lateral projection of. the lever, and if the drum had been moving, the crank 91 as it turned with the drum would ride onto the lateral projection 95 when the lever 9& was raised. The lateral part of the lever is made somewhat cam shaped so as to make the parts work rapidly, e. the lever 94, drops comparatively slowly but the part 91, may drop quickly off them-am. The lever 91 is connected to one end of a centrally pivoted lever 96, the other end 97 of which is so positioned that lugs 807 projecting from the pattern chain, on the sprocket wheel 36, may'st-rike and operate. it and the position of the lugs on the pattern chain therefore time the starting and stopping of the drum.

98 is a vertically movable rod provided with two disks 99 and 100 and with a spring 101 for pulling it down. 102 is a lever for pushing the rod 98 up. The radial arm 103 attached to the drum raises and lowers the disks 99 and 100, once during each revolution of the drum.

The cam ring 7, since it is made in two parts can be taken oil and applied without disturbing the web holders 10. For this purpose the two parts are disconnected and taken off or applied laterally from opposite sides. Furthermore it is provided with an upright slot 10a and its working surface 105 is continued across the slot by means of a removable plug 106. When the plug 106 is withdrawn radially from the cam, it is evident that a jack, for example, a broken jack can be taken out of the cam and this is also true of the needles. The ring 107 is provided with notches 108 which. can be brought into line with the notch or groove 101 when needles or jacks are to be removed.

The ring 107 can be rotated around the head and is normally held by a spring pin 107 a in such position that its notch will be away from the widening needles 2. The movable section 109 of the cam 7 is connected witha lever 110 which, as the cam rotates, strikes either the disk 99 or 100, so that it t; turned in position for permitting'the jacks to pass over it or under it, and in the latter case all the loops are thrown oil the needles 2 prior to their going out of action. The stitch cams 111. and 112 are attached to a block adjustable in a groove 113, which is parallel with the face 1M of the earn 111 and with the face 115 of the cam section 116, so that when the movable sections are adjusted the space for the passage of the needles remains the same. The cam ring consists of at lindrical section 117 and of an inolined'section 118 where the stitch cams are arranged. The cylindrical portion is covered by a plate 119011 top of which the. jacks 6 ride. This construction is comparatively easy to make and it permits the needle head 3 to; be

Y liftedout of the cam. The stitch cam 120 is'not p'articularly new and is adjusted by the lever 121, manually Whenever it is necessary, and is moved slightly up and down automatically by the lever 122 which strikes the tappet lever66 at the appropriate time,

the position of the tappet lever 66 being de 125 insure engagement of jacks and needles at the end-part of the'down; stroke where the strain is the greatest; because at that part of the stroke they cannot become 1111-;

hooked. Moreoverv the needles are straight since the deeper part of the grooves afiords space for them to spring into and this evidently is an advantage not only from a manufacturing point of'view,-bi1t also in the matter of setting the needles in and out. 126 are webs on the needle head between which the needles 1 work.

serves as a needle guide. 131, is ;a grooved bed for the needles 2 and it, is carried by the ring 129. As shown the part 131 comprises a hardened upper part where the cams are and a lower part.

132 is a two-part ring carried by and depending from the lower part of the ring 129. It servesto carry themovable ring 58 to which reference has been made; 133 is a twopart ring adjustably attached to the lower rim of the bed 131 and-it serves to limit the downward stroke of the needles 2. By adjusting this ring the stroke of the needles canbe made longer or shorter. 134' is a standard fitted at its top with a ribbed bed and in the grooves between the, ribs the jacks 74.- are arranged. 136 is a ring mount- I39 and with a straight stem, because the top of this web holder, by reason ofthe inneedle since the hearing'between the needles 141, Fig. 18, rise notch near the top of'the 127,.is a ring ,seated on the needle head and having its lower rim arranged for. the needles to slide I ed on the needle head and provided with a lip that takes into a notch on the ends of the web holders, so as to guide themand keep them from rising. 137 is a ribbed ring between the ribs of which the web holders work. 138, Fig. 20, is a web holder adapted for use in connection with the needle 2,. shown in Fig. 19, which needle has an offset 139. The purpose of the offset 139 is to increase thesize of the lateral hearing between the needle and web holder so that the top part of the Webholder when it is mov ing out from the axis of the needle head can not get in behind the needle and pull it out and it might get in behind the needle by reason of bending or by the fact that the tension on the yarn might bend the needle over sidewise. The web holder 140, shown in Fig. 21, can be used with a needle like that shown in Fig. 19, but without the olfiset clination thereof, cannot get behindv the 2 is of sufficient size forv preventing'this.

needle 1L" The notch serves inwideniug and narrowing, when the needle is out of action,

to hold the work suliiciently high to prevent the throat 142 of. the web holders from catching the loop that is held by the notch and for permitting the throat to pass under that loop and catch the next or in other words to catch a loop of the needles that are knitting. 1413 i s a hand lever by means 1 ofwhich thebelt shifter 44 can be moved to put the belt ontothe loose pulley 144, at any time. -It also serves to start the machine; This handle 1 13 is provided with a crank arm 145 connected by a link 14610 1 5 a slide 1 17 which is normally shifted toward the left in Fig. 3' by a spring 1-18. The

slide 147 is the back stop for the spring 45 and coiiperates with the collar 14;!) 'on the belt shifter. Evidently the last dlesizribed 1 o mechanism can be used to shift thebelt shifter 44 at any time toward the left re gardless or". the position it may have occupied under the influence of the -:am'3-l. The

.cam 34 can evidently move the belt shifter 1 5 44 toward the left, free of the hand operated mechanism. Referring to Fig. 16, the stud 150 that carries the arm'lQl is connected with the cam section 120. The needles tend "to lift this section and the part 122 operat- 12a ing'on the part 150 tends to depress this purpose is to adjust the length rf'the stitches. I

. The concave slopes 73, and the ac'ks 74,

work and makes full strokes drawing oops until the needle is thrown out.

What I clann is: 1. circular knitting machine having in combination a circular needle head and a needle bed of the form of a part of a circle. each equipped with a set of needles all of which are inclined in the same direction and those of one set being disposed at an acute angle in respect to those of the other set, and means for operating all the needles through loop forming strokes of the same length whereby each needle pulls its own loop only and chafing of yarn is avoided and an even fabric is made with the result that high speed of operation is attained.

2. In a knitting machine the combination of a needle head tapering outwardly toward its base, a needle bed inclined outwardly from the needle head toward the base thereof and extending part way around the head. no .110; arranged around the needle head and in the needle bed with their hooks turned in the same direction, and means at the base of the head and at the base of the bed for operating all said needles through loop forming strokes of the same length whereby each needle pulls its own loop only and chafing of yarn is avoided and an even fabric is made with the result that high speed of operation is attained.

3. In a circular knitting machine the coin bination of a circular group of needles inclined to separate their butts. a second group of needles arranged in a part circle and inclined to separate their butts and disposed at an acute angle with the firstmentioned needles, and means accommodated by the space due to the separation of the needles and adapted to operate all the needles through loop forming strokes of the same length whereby each needle pulls its own loop only' and chafing ot' varn is avoided and an even fabric is made with the result that high speed of operation is attained.

4. In a circular knitting machine the combinationof two sets of latch needles arranged at an acute angle in respect to each other and whereof one extends part way around the machine, means including webholders for knitting a seamless tubular plain web of varying diameter on-said needles, and means for causing some cl said needles to first make short loop pulling strokes in respect t'o.thc web-holders and thereafter full loop pulling strokes, in respect to the web-holders and for throwing each of these loops ofl separately substantially as described.

f). In a circular knitting machine having a circular group of latch needles and having extra latch needles inclined in respect to each other and means for knitting a seamless tubular plain web upon said needles, the combination of means for throwing theextra needles into action and cansing them to first make short loop pulling strokes and then make full loop pulling strokes and for throwing the long and short loops oil' separately.

6. In a machine of the type described the combination of an extra needle having a spring bit, a needle jack having two notches one deeper than the other, a presser jack for the spring bit provided with a long and a short tail; and a drum having projections which ope etc on the long and short tails, substantially as described.

'7. In a machine of the type described the combination of the needle head tapering outwardly toward its base of a needle cam ring arranged at the base of the head and having the part thereof where the cam is located inclined and the rest thereof cylindrical and provided with a top plate, substantially as described.

8. In a machine of the type described the combination of a straight needle provided near its top with a notch and web-holders arranged to pass under a loop held by the notch. substantially as described.

9. Ina machine of the type described the combination of a web-holder, means for moving it, a needle, and means for moving it. and said needle provided with a bend 13$) facing the center of the machine and in contact with the wcb-holderin the upper position of the needle to keep the outside edge of the web-holder from catching the inner edge of the needle.

' 10, The combination in a machine of the type described of extra needles, presser jacks for the extra. needles, and a. drum operating on the jacks and of two diameters meeting along diverging spiral crooked step by step lines made up of concave slopes, substantially as described.

'11. In a machine of the type described the combination of extra needles, the bed for those needles, jacks for actuating said needles, means torcoupling-and uncoupling the jacks and needles, and an adjustable stop ring at the bottom of said bed, sub.- I

stantially as described.

12. In a knitting machine the combination of ring IO'T'haYi-ng notch 108 for taking out needles, jacks retained by said ring which serve as a stop forthe acks, and a cam ring 7 mounted on the first mentioned, In testimony whereof I have hereunto ring. signed my name.

13. In a machine of the type describecl the combination of jacks having ends 76 and. 5 77 of relatively different lengths, and a Witnesses:

drum having notches with curved bottoms CLIFFORD K. GAssEL, for giving thejacketwe positions. FRANK E. FRENCH.

EMIL J. FRANCE. 

